Tests during pregnancy: What are the routine prenatal tests?

Pregnancy is an exciting journey, but it can also bring a lot of questions and concerns for expecting parents. One important aspect of prenatal care is routine testing, which helps ensure the health and well-being of both mother and baby. In this blog, we’ll walk through the different types of routine prenatal tests, why they’re essential, and what to expect at each stage.

1. Initial prenatal visit tests

During your first prenatal visit, your healthcare provider will order several baseline tests to understand your health status and identify any potential risks. Here are the common tests done at this stage:

• Complete blood count (CBC): This test measures levels of red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets. It helps detect anemia or infections that may need monitoring.
• Blood type and Rh factor: Determining your blood type and Rh factor is crucial to address any Rh incompatibility issues, which can impact pregnancy.
• Urine analysis: A urine test screens for protein, glucose, and signs of infection. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in pregnancy and need prompt treatment to avoid complications.
• Infectious disease screening: Blood tests are done to check for infections such as HIV, hepatitis B, syphilis, and rubella immunity. This ensures early intervention if necessary.

2. First-trimester screening

The first trimester is a critical period of development for your baby. During this time, doctors may recommend additional screenings:

• Nuchal Translucency (NT) scan: Performed between 11 and 14 weeks, this ultrasound measures the thickness of fluid at the back of the baby’s neck. It helps identify potential chromosomal abnormalities.
• Blood screening tests (PAPP-A and hCG): These blood tests called Double Marker Test measure proteins and hormones associated with the baby’s development. Abnormal levels may indicate risks for genetic conditions.
• Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT): NIPT is an optional blood test that screens for genetic conditions like Down syndrome. It’s highly accurate and can be done as early as the 10th week and with High sensitivity.

3. Second-trimester screening

In the second trimester, there are a few more tests to check the baby’s growth and development:

• Quad screen: This blood test, usually performed between 15 and 20 weeks, measures four substances in your blood (AFP, hCG, estriol, and inhibin-A) to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities or neural tube defects.
• Anatomy ultrasound: At around 18-22 weeks, an anatomy scan is conducted to check the baby’s organs, limbs, spine, and overall growth. This is often a detailed scan that allows parents a closer look at their baby.
• Glucose screening test: Typically done around the 24th to 28th week, this test screens for gestational diabetes. You’ll drink a sugary solution, and your blood glucose levels will be checked after an hour.

4. Third-trimester testing

As the due date approaches, routine tests focus on ensuring the baby’s readiness for birth and the mother’s health during labor:

• Group B Streptococcus (GBS) test: This is a common test done between 35 and 37 weeks. GBS bacteria can be present in the birth canal and may pose a risk to the baby during delivery. If positive, antibiotics are given during labor.
• Non-Stress Test (NST): An NST monitors the baby’s heart rate and movement in response to contractions or stimuli. It is commonly done if there are concerns about the baby’s growth or activity levels.
• Biophysical Profile (BPP): This combines an NST with an ultrasound to evaluate the baby’s movement, breathing, muscle tone, and amniotic fluid levels. A BPP may be recommended for high-risk pregnancies or if the baby’s movements are reduced.

5. Optional or Additional tests

In some cases, your healthcare provider may suggest other tests based on your health, family history, or specific pregnancy conditions:

• Amniocentesis: A test done usually after the 15th week, where a small amount of amniotic fluid is taken to check for genetic conditions or neural tube defects.
• Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Performed between 10 and 13 weeks, CVS is used to detect genetic abnormalities. It’s an option if the first-trimester screening shows a high risk for genetic disorders.
• Doppler ultrasound: This test measures blood flow in the umbilical cord, placenta, and baby’s blood vessels. It’s often recommended if the baby’s growth appears restricted.

6. Understanding your test results

Each test result can provide different insights into your baby’s health and development, but it’s important to remember that many of these screenings assess the risk, not a diagnosis. Your healthcare provider will interpret the results and discuss any additional steps if necessary. Don’t hesitate to ask questions and seek clarification to feel more comfortable and informed.

7. Common concerns about prenatal tests

• Are all these tests necessary? Not all tests are required; some are based on individual risk factors or personal preferences. Talk with your doctor to decide which tests are best for you and your baby.

• Are these tests safe? Most routine prenatal tests are non-invasive and safe for both mother and baby. Invasive tests, like amniocentesis or CVS, carry slight risks, and your doctor will discuss these thoroughly before proceeding.

Conclusion

Routine prenatal tests are an essential part of pregnancy care, helping to track the health of both mother and baby at every stage. At Shukan Hospital & IVF Centre, we’re here to ensure you receive the best care and feel confident throughout your pregnancy journey. Contact us today to learn more about our prenatal care services, or schedule a consultation with our experienced team to discuss your needs and answer any questions. We’re here every step of the way.

Author bio

Dr. Hardik Savaliya

He is a highly dedicated and empathetic gynecologist and infertility specialist who has been serving patients with utmost care and professionalism for over 5 years. His approach to patient care is holistic, ensuring that each woman receives not just medical treatment, but also emotional support throughout her journey. His primary focus is on empowering women with knowledge about their health and providing them with the best possible solutions tailored to their individual needs.

Having completed his MBBS and DGO, he possesses in-depth knowledge and expertise in the field of gynecology and obstetrics. He is well-versed in the latest advancements in infertility treatments and gynecological care, including IVF, IUI, and other assisted reproductive technologies. His success in treating couples with infertility issues is a testament to his skill and dedication.

He is also recognized for his competence in managing high-risk pregnancies, ensuring the safety and well-being of both the mother and the baby. His surgical expertise, particularly in minimally invasive procedures, allows him to offer effective solutions with quicker recovery times.

Throughout his career, he has been committed to continuous learning and professional development. This dedication is reflected in his various certifications and memberships with prestigious organizations like FOGSI. Patients appreciate his approachable nature, detailed consultations, and the personalized care plans he offers, which make them feel at ease during what can often be a stressful time.

At Shukan Hospital & IVF Centre, He is known not just for his clinical expertise but also for his compassionate bedside manner, making him a trusted and respected figure in the field of gynecology and infertility.

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