Causes and Management of Polyhydramnios and Oligohydramnios

During pregnancy, amniotic fluid plays a crucial role in protecting and supporting the baby inside the womb. However, an imbalance in this fluid—too much (Polyhydramnios) or too little (Oligohydramnios)—can lead to complications. Understanding these conditions, their causes, symptoms, and management can help expectant mothers take necessary precautions.

What is Polyhydramnios?

Polyhydramnios occurs when there is excess amniotic fluid surrounding the baby in the womb. This condition can vary from mild to severe and may cause discomfort or complications during pregnancy.

Causes of Polyhydramnios

1. Maternal Diabetes – High blood sugar levels can lead to excessive urine production in the baby, increasing fluid levels.
2. Multiple Pregnancy (Twins/Triplets) – More than one baby can lead to excess fluid accumulation.
3. Birth Defects – Some congenital disabilities, like esophageal atresia, prevent the baby from swallowing the fluid properly.
4. Fetal Anemia – A lack of red blood cells in the baby can cause fluid buildup.
5. Idiopathic Causes – In some cases, the exact reason remains unknown.

Symptoms of Polyhydramnios

• Unusual rapid belly growth
• Difficulty breathing
• Swelling in legs and feet
• Preterm labor signs
• Discomfort due to excessive stretching of the uterus

Diagnosis of Polyhydramnios

• Ultrasound – A detailed scan helps measure amniotic fluid levels.
• Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) – Normal AFI is 8-18 cm; Polyhydramnios is diagnosed when AFI exceeds 24 cm.
• Glucose Tolerance Test – To check for maternal diabetes.
• Doppler Studies – Used to evaluate blood flow and detect fetal anemia.

Management of Polyhydramnios

• Regular Monitoring: Frequent ultrasounds help track fluid levels.
• Regular Monitoring: Frequent ultrasounds help track fluid levels.
• Medications: In some cases, drugs are prescribed to reduce fluid production.
• Amnioreduction: A medical procedure to drain excess fluid.
• Early Delivery: If necessary, doctors may induce labor to prevent complications.

What is Oligohydramnios?

Oligohydramnios is the opposite of Polyhydramnios, where there is too little amniotic fluid in the womb. This condition may affect the baby’s growth and movement.
Causes of Oligohydramnios

1. Leaking Amniotic Fluid – A small rupture in the sac can lead to fluid loss.
2. Placental Insufficiency – When the placenta does not provide enough nutrients, it can reduce fluid levels.
3. Fetal Kidney Problems – The baby produces amniotic fluid through urine; kidney issues can lead to low fluid levels.
4. Post-term Pregnancy – Going past the due date can reduce fluid levels naturally.
5. High Blood Pressure in the Mother – Conditions like preeclampsia can cause decreased fluid.

Symptoms of Oligohydramnios

• Reduced baby movements
• Small belly size compared to pregnancy stage
• Leakage of fluid
• Decreased fetal heart rate in some cases

Management of Oligohydramnios

• Increased Hydration: Drinking more fluids can sometimes help boost amniotic fluid levels.
• Amnioinfusion: A procedure where fluid is introduced into the womb through a catheter.
• Maternal Rest: Bed rest may help increase placental blood flow.
• Early Delivery: If fluid levels are critically low, early delivery may be needed to protect the baby.

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience reduced baby movements, sudden belly size changes, or fluid leakage, visit Shukan Hospital and IVF Centre immediately. Our expert team provides the best prenatal care to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy.

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Why Choose Shukan Hospital and IVF Centre?

At Shukan Hospital and IVF Centre, we provide comprehensive pregnancy care with advanced diagnostic tools and expert gynecologists. Our high-quality prenatal care ensures the well-being of both mother and baby. Book an appointment today for a healthy pregnancy journey!