Endometrial Cancer

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Endometrial cancer starts in the cells of the endometrium, the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus. As the cells grow uncontrollably, they form a tumor that can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. The exact cause of endometrial cancer is still not fully understood, but certain factors can increase the risk of developing this cancer.

Treatment Options for Endometrial Cancer

What is Endometrial Cancer?

Endometrial cancer starts in the cells of the endometrium, the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus. As the cells grow uncontrollably, they form a tumor that can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. The exact cause of endometrial cancer is still not fully understood, but certain factors can increase the risk of developing this cancer.

Types of Endometrial Cancer

  1. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma: The most common type of endometrial cancer, accounting for around 80-90% of cases.

  2. Serous carcinoma: A rarer, more aggressive form of endometrial cancer.

  3. Clear cell carcinoma: Another rare and aggressive form of cancer.

  4. Carcinosarcoma: A very rare type that has both cancerous epithelial and mesodermal components.

Types of Endometrial Cancer
Risk Factors Cancer

Risk Factors for Endometrial Cancer

While the exact cause is unknown, several factors can increase the risk of developing endometrial cancer:

  • Age: Women over 50, especially those who are postmenopausal, are at a higher risk.

  • Obesity: Extra body fat increases estrogen levels, which can contribute to the growth of endometrial cell

  • Hormonal imbalance: Having higher levels of estrogen compared to progesterone can increase the risk.

  • Never having been pregnant: Women who haven’t had children may have a higher risk.

  • Family history: If a close family member has had endometrial cancer or related cancers, your risk is higher.

  • Medical conditions: Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), diabetes, and hypertension can increase risk.

  • Endometrial hyperplasia: A condition where the lining of the uterus becomes too thick can lead to cancer over time.

Symptoms of Endometrial Cancer

The most common symptom of endometrial cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding, particularly after menopause. Other symptoms may include:

  • Pain or discomfort in the pelvic region

  • Pain during urination or sexual intercourse

  • Unexplained weight loss

  • Abnormal vaginal discharge

  • Fatigue or weakness

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Symptoms Endometrial Cancer
Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer

Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer

If a woman experiences symptoms of endometrial cancer, a gynecologist may conduct several tests to confirm the diagnosis:

  • Pelvic examination: The doctor will check the uterus and ovaries for any abnormalities.

  • Ultrasound: An ultrasound may be done to visualize the uterus and check for abnormalities.

  • Endometrial biopsy: A sample of the endometrial tissue is taken for testing to check for cancerous cells.

  • D&C (Dilation and Curettage): If an endometrial biopsy is inconclusive, this procedure may be performed to collect more tissue for examination.

  • Hysteroscopy: A thin tube with a camera is inserted into the uterus to examine the lining directly.

Treatment Options for Endometrial Cancer

Treatment for endometrial cancer depends on the stage and type of cancer, as well as the overall health of the patient. The main treatment options include:

  1. Surgery: The primary treatment for endometrial cancer is a hysterectomy, where the uterus is removed. In some cases, the ovaries and fallopian tubes are also removed.

  2. Radiation Therapy: Radiation is used to kill cancer cells and prevent recurrence.

  3. Chemotherapy: This may be used if the cancer has spread beyond the uterus.

  4. Hormone Therapy: Hormone therapy may be used in specific cases to prevent the cancer cells from growing.

  5. Targeted Therapy: Drugs that target specific parts of cancer cells may be used to stop their growth.

Endometrial Cancer
Treatment Endometrial Cancer

Prognosis and Survival Rat

The prognosis for endometrial cancer is generally good if it is detected early. The five-year survival rate for women with localized endometrial cancer is about 95%. However, if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, the survival rate drops significantly.

Preventing Endometrial Cancer

While it may not always be possible to prevent endometrial cancer, there are steps women can take to reduce their risk:

  • Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity increases the risk of endometrial cancer, so maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce the risk.

  • Exercise regularly: Physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight and balance hormone levels.

  • Consider the use of birth control: Using birth control pills can help regulate hormones and reduce the risk of endometrial cancer.

  • Monitor your health: Regular gynecological exams and screenings are important for early detection.

Preventing Endometrial Cancer
Statistics on Endometrial Cancer

Statistics on Endometrial Cancer

  • Incidence: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries.

  • Survival rates: Women with localized endometrial cancer have a five-year survival rate of approximately 95%.

  • Age factor: The average age at diagnosis is 60 years, with the majority of cases occurring in postmenopausal women.

  • Increased risk: Women who are overweight or obese are at a higher risk for developing endometrial cancer.

FAQ

What is the primary cause of endometrial cancer?

The primary cause of endometrial cancer is not known, but hormonal imbalances, particularly high levels of estrogen, and obesity are key risk factors.

Can endometrial cancer be detected early?

Yes, abnormal vaginal bleeding is often the first sign, which can lead to early detection through tests like an endometrial biopsy.

Can endometrial cancer be prevented?

While it may not be entirely preventable, maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and controlling hormone levels can reduce the risk of endometrial cancer.

How is endometrial cancer treated?

Treatment typically involves surgery (hysterectomy), radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy, depending on the stage of the cancer.

What are the survival rates for endometrial cancer?

The survival rate for endometrial cancer is about 95% for women whose cancer is confined to the uterus, but it drops if the cancer spreads to other parts of the body.

Is endometrial cancer hereditary?

A family history of endometrial cancer or other cancers, such as breast or colon cancer, may increase your risk.

Dr. Ajay Prajapati

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